Recover from this error in ccmsetup.log by doing the following:

1. Uninstall the client.
2. Stop the Windows Management Instrumentation service.
3. Delete the CCM, ccmsetup and ccmcache folders from %WinDir%.
4. Rename \System32\webm\repository folder to OLDrepository.
5. Start the Windows Management Instrumentation service.
6. Install the SCCM client again, via command-line or SCCM push.
7. Check ccmsetup.log to see if it kicks off, and finishes with an exit error 0 status.

Thanks goes to James Avery at Catapult Systems for this solution.
http://blogs.catapultsystems.com/javery/archive/2009/07/01/sccm-client-installation-error-80041001/